write a study guide including the Definition, etiology, Occurrence/epidemiology, Clinical presentation, Diagnostic examination, Differential diagnosis, Non-pharmacological and pharmacological management and follow -up
- The study guide is to be clear and concise and will provide a quick reference for a specific chronic disease.
- Include your resources and guidelines used for the elaboration of the study guide.
- will lose points for improper grammar, punctuation, misspelling, and references should be current (published within the last five years).
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What is it? |
Intussusception occurs when a portion of the intestine folds like a telescope, with one segment slipping inside another segment. It can occur anywhere in the intestines. This causes an obstruction, preventing the passage of food that is being digested through the intestine. |
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Etiology |
The cause of intussusception is not known. Though rare, an increased incidence of developing intussusception may be seen in children: · Who have abdominal or intestinal tumors or masses · Who have appendicitis |
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Occurrence/Epidemiology |
Children less than 3 years old, can also occur in older children, teenagers, and adults. · Intussusception occurs more often in boys than girls. |
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Clinical Presentation (subjective and physical examination) |
Subjective: Pain, Sudden loud crying, Straining, Draw knees up, Irritable. |
Objective: red mucus or jelly like stool, fever, lethargic, vomiting bile, diarrhea, sweating, dehydration, abdominal distention or lump. |
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Diagnostic Testing |
X-Ray: may demonstrate an elongated soft tissue mass with a bowel obstruction proximal to it. |
Ultrasound: ‘Target Sign’ also known as the doughnut sign or bull's eye sign. appearance is generated by concentric alternating echogenic and hypoechogenic bands. |
Upper & Lower GI Series (Barium Swallow & Enema): giving the "coiled spring” appearance |
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3 Differential Diagnosis (include difference between each differential diagnosis & the main diagnosis) |
Intussusception: Pain, sudden crying, red mucus or jelly like stool, fever, lethargic, vomiting bile, diarrhea, sweating, dehydration, abdominal distention or lump. |
Gastroenteritis: vomiting that are typically nonbilious, often with anorexia, fever, lethargy, and diarrhea. NO JELLY LIKE STOOL |
Gastric Volvulus: Epigastric pain tenderness and distention, vomiting, bloody diarrhea NO JELLY LIKE STOOL, |
Appendicitis: abdominal pain that has migrated from a periumbilical position to the right lower quadrant. NO JELLY LIKE STOOL, NOR MASS |
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Non-Pharmacologic Management |
There are currently no non pharmacological treatments. |
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Pharmacologic Management |
May fix itself while being diagnosed with barium enema. Air enema (aids in moving intestines back). Antibiotics if infection present Surgery: push the telescoped intestine back out. Rare cases a resection of intestines may happen, and stoma created. |
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Follow Up |
With toleration of diet, patients treated with nonoperative reduction are usually discharged 12-18 hours after the therapeutic enema. After operative reduction, postoperative progress dictates the length of stay. |
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References |
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Blanco, F. C., Chahine, A. A., King, L., & Wilkes, G. (2017, July 3). Intussusception: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/930708-overview#a1 Crawford, E. (2015). NP-Family Specialty Review and Study Guide: A Series from StatPearls. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=86ybCgAAQBAJ&dq=intussusception+np+questions&source=gbs_navlinks_s Epocraties. (2017). Intussusception Differential Diagnosis – Epocrates Online. Retrieved from https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/67935/Intussusception/Differential-Diagnosis Shah, V., & Amini, B. (2017). Intussusception | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Retrieved from https://radiopaedia.org/articles/intussusception |
